Hibiscus section Furcaria Hybrids and Polyploids

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Hibiscus section Furcaria

Species of Hibiscus section Furcaria have been extensively hybridised in the investigation of the genome compositions of the species.

With over a 100 species there are over 5,000 potential hybrid combinations, excluding multi-species hybrids, and only a small proportion have been attempted, never mind achieved. This still results in a considerable number of reported hybrids. The following hybrids have been obtained.

Hibiscus acetosella AABB Hibiscus diversifolius CDDEEGG ABCDEG   [1 ]
Hibiscus acetosella AABB Hibiscus radiatus AABB AABB F1 fertile; also reciprocal cross [1, 2 ]
Hibiscus acetosella AABB Hibiscus sabdariffa × nigricaulis 6x AAYYXX AABYX   [2 ]
Hibiscus aculeatus GGPP Hibiscus bifurcatus GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus aculeatus GGPP Hibiscus uncinellus GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus asper AA Hibiscus greenwayi AA AA   [4 ]
Hibiscus asper AA Hibiscus sabdariffa AAYY AAY embryo culture used, reciprocal cross failed [5 ]
Hibiscus bifurcatus GGPP Hibiscus cucuberitaceus GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus bifurcatus GGPP Hibiscus flagelliformis GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus bifurcatus GGPP Hibiscus hispidissimus BBGGWWZZ BGGGWZPP arising from unreduced female gamete [6, 7 ]
Hibiscus bifurcatus GGPP Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH GGHP [6, 7 ]
Hibiscus bifurcatus GGPP Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH GGHP [7 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus acetosella AABB AAB [5 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus acetosella AABB AAAABB   [1, 2 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus brackenridgei GGJJVV-- AGJV-   [5 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus diversifolius CCDDEEGG ACDEG   [1 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus nigricaulis AAXX AAX   [2 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus radiatus AABB AAB also reciprocal cross [2, 5 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus AA Hibiscus sabdariffa AAYY AAY   [5 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus × acetosella 6x AAAABB Hibiscus diversifolius CCDDEEGG AABCDEG   [2 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus × acetosella 6x AAAABB Hibiscus radiatus AABB AAAB   [2 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus × acetosella 6x AAAABB Hibiscus maculatus CCDDEEGGRR AABCDEGR   [2 ]
Hibiscus cannabinus × sabdariffa 6x AAAAYY Hibiscus cannabinus AA AAAY   [4 ]
Hibiscus diversifolius CCDDEEGG Hibiscus maculatus CCDDEEGGRR CCDDEEGGR spontaneous hybrid under cultivation [2 ]
Hibiscus hispidissimus BBGGWWZZ Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV BGGGJJVVWZ arising from unreduced maie gamete [6 ]
Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP Hibiscus cucuberitaceus GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP Hibiscus flagelliformis GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP Hibiscus greenwayi AA AGP   [4 ]
Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP Hibiscus kitaibelifolius GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP Hibiscus peruvianus GGPP GGPP also reciprocal cross [7 ]
Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH GGHP   [6 ]
Hibiscus gilletii subsp. hiernianus XX Hibiscus mastersianus XX XX   [4 ]
Hibiscus gilletii subsp. hiernianus XX Hibiscus mechowii YY XY   [4 ]
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus arnhemensis GGJJVV GGJJVV   [8 ]
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus byrnesii GGJJVV GGJJVV   [8 ]
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus divaricatus GGJJVV GGJJVV
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus fryxellii GGJJVV GGJJVV   [8 ]
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus menzeliae GGJJVV GGJJVV   [8 ]
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus splendens GGJJVV GGJJVV [8 ]
Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV Hibiscus sudanensis GG GGJV hybrid weak; reciprocal cross failed [6 ]
Hibiscus mastersianus XX Hibiscus mechowii XY XY   [4 ]
Hibiscus meraukensis GGJJVV Hibiscus divaricatus GGJJVV GGJJVV
Hibsicus mechowii YY Hibiscus menzeliae GGJJVV GJVY   [4 ]
Hibiscus peruvianus GGPP Hibiscus kitaibelifolius GGPP GGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus peruvianus GGPP Hibiscus sudanensis GG GGP   [7 ]
Hibiscus peruvianus GGPP Hibiscus uncinellus GGPP GGPP   [7 ]
Hibiscus radiatus AABB Hibiscus diversifolius CCDDEEGG ABCDEG   [1 ]
Hibiscus radiatus AABB Hibiscus diversifolius CCDDEEGG AABBCCDDEEGG   [1 ]
Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH Hibiscus hispidissimus BBGGWWZZ GGBHWZ reciprocal cross failed [6 ]
Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV GGHJV also reciprocal cross [6 ]
Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH Hibiscus sudanensis GG GGH reciprocal cross failed [5 ]
Hibiscus sabdariffa AAYY Hibiscus mastersianus × mechowii 4x XXYY AXYY   [4 ]
Hibiscus splendens GGJJVV Hibiscus divaricatus GGJJVV GGJJVV
Hibiscus splendens GGJJVV Hibiscus fryxellii GGJJVV GGJJVV   [8 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus asper AA AB   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus furcatus BBGGWWZZ BBGWZ   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH BGH reciprocal cross failed [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus sudanensis GG BG reciprocal cross failed [7, 5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus sudanensis GG BBGG spontaneously arising in F2 generation from unreduced gametes [7 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP BGP   [7 ]
Hibiscus surattensis BB Hibiscus uncinellus GGPP BGP   [7, 5 ]
Hibsicus surattensis BB Hibiscus splendens GGJJVV BGJV   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × asper 4x AABB Hibiscus acetosella AABB AABB   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × asper 4x AABB Hibiscus cannabinus AA AAB   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × asper 4x AABB Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH ABGH   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × asper 4x AABB Hibiscus sabdariffa AAYY AABY   [5 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × furcellatus 6x BBGGPP Hibiscus kitaibelifolius GGPP BGGPP   [3 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × sudanensis 2x BG Hibiscus heterophyllus GGJJVV   [6 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × sudanensis 2x BG Hibiscus rostellatus GGHH GGBH unreduced female gamete? [7 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × sudanensis 4x BBGG Hibiscus hispidissimus BBGGWWZZ BBGGWZ   [6, 7 ]
Hibiscus surattensis × sudanensis 4x BBGG Hibiscus furcellatus GGPP GGBP   [7 ]

The allotetraploid Hibiscus surattensis × sudanensis has dissected leaves and a scrambling habit.

Hibiscus costatus is not known to form hybrids.

Attempts to cross G-genome species (Hibiscus sudanensis and rostellatus) with A-genome species (Hibiscus asper, cannabinus, acetosella and radiatus) were unsuccessful [5].

The following autopolyploids and allopolyploids have been experimentally obtained.

Hibiscus acetosella AAAABBBB cv. 'Panama Red'; oryzalin induced [9 ]
Hibiscus radiatus × diversifolius AABBCCDDEEGG spontaneous
Hibiscus surattensis × asper AABB
Hibiscus surattensis × furcellatus BBGGPP
Hibiscus surattensis × sudanensis BBGG spontaneously arising in F2 generation from unreduced gametes

References

  1. Menzel, M.Y. & F.D. Wilson, An allodecaploid hybrid of Hibiscus diversifolius: and some related F1 hybrids, J. Hered. 54(2): 55-60 (1963)
  2. Menzel, M.Y. & F.D. Wilson, Genetic Relationships in Hibiscus Sect. Furcaria, Brittonia 21(2): 91-125 (1969)
  3. Menzel, M.Y., P.A. Fryxell & F.D. Wilson, Relationships among New World species of Hibiscus section Furcaria (Malvaceae), Brittonia 35(3): 204-221 (1983)
  4. Menzel et al, Some Pieces of the African Genome Puzzle in Hibiscus Sect. Furcaria, Am. J. Bot. 70(2): 285-297 (1983)
  5. Menzel, M.Y. & D.W. Martin, Genome affinities of four African diploid species of Hibiscus sect. Furcaria, J. Hered. 61(5): 179-185 (1970)
  6. Menzel, M.Y. & D.W. Martin, Chromosome Homology in Some Intercontinental Hybrids in Hibiscus Sect. Furcaria, Am. J. Bot. 58(2): 191-202 (1971)
  7. Menzel, M.Y. & D.W. Martin, Identity of the Genome Shared by African and New World Species of Hibiscus sect. Furcaria, J. Hered. 63(5): 235-240 (1972)
  8. Menzel, M.Y. & D.W. Martin, abstract to Cytotaxonomy of Some Australian Species of Hibiscus Sect. Furcaria, Australian Journal of Botany 22(1): 141-156 (1974)
  9. Ryan N. Contreras, John M. Ruter and Wayne W. Hanna, An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella “Panama Red”, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 134(5): 553-559 (2009)

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